气象、农业和水文干旱之间关联性分析     

胡彩虹  赵留香  王艺璇 《气象与环境科学》2016,39(4):1-6

干旱具有发生频率高、持续时间长、波及范围广的特点。而干旱预报为科学地进行防旱抢险提供了决策支持。选取反映不同类型干旱的指标,即标准化降雨指标(SPI)、标准化土壤湿度指标(SSWI)和标准化径流指标(SRI),通过SWAT模型和带有时滞的灰色关联判断了各干旱之间的时滞。以陆浑水库控制流域为例进行了分析,结果表明:SWAT模型在该流域有很好的适用性,1975—2009年间发生各类干旱的次数在增加,且变率上从气象干旱、农业干旱到水文干旱有所增加,同时不同类型干旱之间表现出了一定的时滞关系,气象干旱对农业干旱的响应时间为1个月;水文干旱对气象干旱的响应时间为4个月;水文干旱对农业干旱的响应时间为2个月。  相似文献   

土地利用多功能性研究进展与展望   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

刘超  许月卿  孙丕苓  刘佳 《地理科学进展》2016,35(9):1087-1099

土地利用多功能性研究是土地科学和地理学研究的重要学术命题,对于提高土地利用效率、促进区域可持续发展具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文通过对土地利用多功能性的概念内涵、识别与分类、评价研究等方面的梳理,明晰土地利用多功能性的研究现状。目前,学者对土地利用多功能性内涵特征的认识基本一致;土地利用多功能性的分类标准尚未统一;土地利用多功能性分析框架初步形成,评价指标体系尚不完善,评价方法较单一,应用研究相对薄弱;土地利用多功能性受自然、社会经济及政策等因素共同影响。未来,应构建多学科交叉的土地利用多功能性研究内容框架,完善分类体系,深化评价研究并加强应用研究,从而为开展土地利用规划与土地管理工作提供参考。  相似文献   

厦漳泉城市群小时交通圈研究     

曾月娥  伍世代 《地理科学进展》2016,35(8):975-982

本文基于2014年厦漳泉城市群交通网络数据和调查数据,采用问卷调查确定城内交通时间及交通时间满意度时间阈值,应用凸壳理论划分城际理论小时交通圈,继而利用城内交通时间修正城际理论小时交通圈,生成城际实际小时交通圈,并结合百度地图划分基于交通时间满意度的城内小时交通圈。研究结果表明：①城际理论小时交通圈均超过本市域范围,而厦门、漳州和泉州各城市城际实际小时交通圈面积相较于城际理论小时交通圈大幅缩小,缩小幅度分别为91.7%、82.9%、83.9%,覆盖区域主要为各自市域范围;②受访者城内交通时间为31~61 min;而使用公交车通常需60 min以上到达汽车站、90 min以上到达动车站,处于不满意甚至很不满意的时间阈值内,其中非常不满意占主导地位;③67.71%的受访者对城际交通时间表示很满意或满意,但69.1%受访者对城内交通时间表示很不满意或不满意。厦漳泉城市群城内交通系统有待改善,建议应完善厦漳泉交通网络尤其是城内交通网络。  相似文献   

山西省县域可达性及城市经济联系格局   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

史琴琴  康江江  鲁丰先  赵凯娜  任世鑫 《地理科学进展》2016,35(11):1340-1351

综合运用加权平均旅行时间模型、修正后的引力模型、主成分分析、地统计分析、空间探索性分析、多元线性回归分析等技术模型和方法,对山西省107个研究单元的可达性及城市经济联系格局进行分析。结果表明：①整体来看,山西省可达性水平形成以太原盆地城镇密集区为核心,向外围逐渐递减的核心—边缘分布格局;局部来看,东部可达性优于西部,南部优于北部。②县际经济联系空间结构呈“大”字形,初步形成“一核一圈三群”的空间联系格局;城市对外联系总量差异较大,空间上表现为以省会和个别综合实力较强的单元为主的中心—外围格局,西部沿黄河一带的边缘单元与全省其他单元联系微弱,对外联系强度小;各省辖市与北京、石家庄、西安、济南、郑州联系紧密,与银川、兰州等西部省会城市联系较弱。③县际经济联系受城市基础规模、交通优势度、区位、城市化水平、地形等因素影响。  相似文献   

Evaluating the impact of visualization of wildfire hazard upon decision-making under uncertainty     

Lisa Cheong  Susanne Bleisch  Allison Kealy  Kevin Tolhurst  Tom Wilkening  Matt Duckham 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(7):1377-1404

The paper investigates whether the methods chosen for representing uncertain geographic information aid or impair decision-making in the context of wildfire hazard. Through a series of three human subject experiments, utilizing 180 subjects and employing increasingly difficult tasks, this research evaluates the effect of five different visualizations and a text-based representation on decision-making under uncertainty. Our quantitative experiments focus specifically on the task of decision-making under uncertainty, rather than the task of reading levels of uncertainty from the map. To guard against the potential for generosity and risk seeking in decision-making under uncertainty, the experimental design uses performance-based incentives. The experiments showed that the choice of representation makes little difference to performance in cases where subjects are allowed the time and focus to consider their decisions. However, with the increasing difficulty of time pressure, subjects performed best using a spectral color hue-based representation, rather than more carefully designed cartographic representations. Text-based and simplified boundary encodings were among the worst performers. The results have implications for the performance of decision-making under uncertainty using static maps, especially in the stressful environments surrounding an emergency.  相似文献   

Interactive discovery of sequential patterns in time series of wind data     

Norhakim Yusof  Raul Zurita-Milla  Menno-Jan Kraak  Bas Retsios 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(8):1486-1506

Wind speed and direction vary over space and time due to the interactions between different pressures and temperature gradients within the atmospheric layers. Near the earth’s surface, these interactions are modulated by topography and artificial structures. Hence, characterizing wind behaviour over large areas and long periods is a complex but essential task for various energy-related applications. In this study, we present a novel approach to discover wind patterns by integrating sequential pattern mining and interactive visualization techniques. The approach relies on the use of the Linear time Closed pattern Miner sequence algorithm in conjunction with a time sliding window that allows the discovery of all sequential patterns present in the data. These patterns are then visualized using integrated 2D and 3D coordinated multiple views and visually explored to gain insight into the characteristics of the wind from a spatial, temporal and attribute (type of wind pattern) point of view. This proposed approach is used to analyse 10 years of hourly wind speed and direction data for 29 weather stations in the Netherlands. The results show that there are 15 main sequential patterns in the data. The spatial task shows that weather stations located in the same region do not necessarily experience similar wind pattern. For within the selected time interval, similar wind patterns can be observed in different stations and in the same station at different times of occurrence. The attribute task discovered that the repetitive occurrences of chosen pattern indicate as regular wind behaviour at different weather stations that persisted continuously over time. The results of these tasks show that the proposed interactive discovery facilitates the understanding of wind dynamics in space and time.  相似文献   

Task-oriented information value measurement based on space-time prisms     

Yingjie Hu  Krzysztof Janowicz  Yuqi Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(6):1228-1249

Recent years have witnessed a large increase in the amount of information available from the Web and many other sources. Such an information deluge presents a challenge for individuals who have to identify useful information items to complete particular tasks in hand. Information value theory (IVT) from economics and artificial intelligence has provided some guidance on this issue. However, existing IVT studies often focus on monetary values, while ignoring the spatiotemporal properties which can play important roles in everyday tasks. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for task-oriented information value measurement. This framework integrates IVT with the space-time prism from time geography and measures the value of information based on its impact on an individual’s space-time prisms and its capability of improving task planning. We develop and formalize this framework by extending the utility function from space-time accessibility studies and elaborate it using a simplified example from time geography. We conduct a simulation on a real-world transportation network using the proposed framework. Our research could be applied to improving information display on small-screen mobile devices (e.g., smartwatches) by assigning priorities to different information items.  相似文献   

Uncertainty analysis of space–time prisms based on the moment-design method     

Yee Leung  Zi Zhao  Jiang-Hong Ma 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(7):1336-1358

Space–time prism (STP) is an important concept for the modeling of object movements in space and time. An STP can be conceptualized as the result of the potential path of a moving object revolving around in the three-dimensional space. Though the concept has found applications in time geography, research on the analysis and propagation of uncertainty in STPs, particularly under high degree of nonlinearity, is scanty. Based on the efficiency and effectiveness of the moment-design (M-D) method, this paper proposes an approach to deal with nonlinear error propagation problems in the potential path areas (PPAs) of STPs and their intersections. Propagation of errors to the PPA and its boundary, and to the intersection of two PPAs is investigated. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated via a series of experimental studies. In comparison with the Monte Carlo method and the implicit function method, simulation results show the advantages of the M-D method in the analysis of error propagation in STPs.  相似文献   

天津滨海新区生态用地评价研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马振兴  杜晋苗  孙艳玲  王中良 《地域研究与开发》2016,(3):109-113

运用GIS和RS技术,从生态服务功能、景观空间结构和土壤环境质量3个方面建立评价指标体系,运用加权指数和法对天津滨海新区生态用地空间重要性进行评价,为区域土地利用规划调整和生态用地分级保护提供引导和理论依据。将生态用地划分为3个类型区,以反映不同生态用地保护级别和建设管制要求。其中,特殊保护区/禁止建设区占生态用地面积的34.62%,大部分为湿地;重点保护区/限制建设区占41.29%,主要为耕地;一般保护区/有条件建设区占24.09%,以盐田为主。  相似文献   

可达性研究动态及测算模型修订     

冯广超  覃成林 《地域研究与开发》2016,(2)

可达性在地理、交通、经济、规划等学科领域的应用日益广泛,但其概念和测算方法仍在不断的探讨之中。通过考察可达性的概念及其有关的研究动态,将可达性定义为空间网络中其他节点的某种流量借助某种交通方式抵达目标节点的难易程度。对5种主要的可达性模型进行比较,将交通站点通勤频次引入基于加权最短旅行时间的可达性模型,提出一个修订的可达性测算模型。运用全国168个地级及以上城市2011年的数据,对未修订和修订的可达性模型的测算结果进行分析对比,修订的可达性模型更能真实地反映可达性信息。  相似文献